The core differences between near-infrared (NIR) and far-infrared (FIR) functional fabrics. Their functions, principles, and applications. Two fabrics with similar names have completely different functions and working principles.

Reflective yarn is a specialized functional material designed to enhance visibility and safety in low-light conditions . It works on the principle of retro-reflection, where embedded glass beads or micro-prisms efficiently reflect light back to its source, such as car headlights .

Wash-and-Set​ process is a pre-treatment for knit fabrics (especially those with spandex) before cutting, combining relaxed washing and heat setting. Its core purpose is to eliminate internal stress and pre-release shrinkage​ in advance, ensuring permanent dimensional stability of the final garment. The fabric is allowed to fully shrink during washing, then heat-set to the exact required width and weight. This is a crucial step for producing high-quality, dimensionally stable stretch garments.

Far-infrared fabric is a high-tech functional textile material that, through a special process, absorbs the heat emitted by the human body and converts it into far-infrared rays, which are then radiated back to the body. This fabric not only provides warmth but is also hailed as a "wearable therapist," and has gained widespread attention in recent years in the fields of sports, medical, and everyday clothing.

The fabric’s semi-dull luster​ offers a subtle, premium look, while the waffle structure enhances breathability and moisture-wicking properties, making it ideal for activewear, loungewear, and versatile seasonal garments. Weighing approximately 100–220 GSM, it balances lightweight comfort with durability. Compared to cotton waffle weaves, it dries faster and retains shape better; against plain knits, it provides superior airflow and thermal regulation.